| Tense | Subject | Verb | Object | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | Active: | Rita | writes | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | is written | by Rita. | |
| Simple Past | Active: | Rita | wrote | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | was written | by Rita. | |
| Conditional | Time Frame | Probability | Example |
| First Conditional | Future | Possible | If I meet Helen, I will invite her to the party. |
| Second Conditional | Future | Unlikely | If I won the lottery, I would help the world. |
| Second Conditional | Present | Unreal/ Imaginary | If I had the money, I would lend it to you. |
| relative pronoun | use | example |
|---|---|---|
| who | subject or object pronoun for people | I told you about the woman who lives next door. |
| which | subject or object pronoun for animals and things | Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? |
| which | referring to a whole sentence | He couldn’t read which surprised me. |
| whose | possession for people animals and things | Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse? |
| whom | object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who) | I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference. |
| that | subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible) | I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen. |
